Water distribution

Map view Table view

Measuring point	Product	Alternatives
Point of use	Proline Promass P 100 Coriolis flowmeter	Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter	Proline Prowirl F 200 vortex flowmeter
Point of use	Proline Promass P 100 Coriolis flowmeter	Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter	Proline Prowirl F 200 vortex flowmeter
Point of use	Proline Promass P 100 Coriolis flowmeter	Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter	Proline Prowirl F 200 vortex flowmeter
Loop temperature	iTHERM TrustSens TM371 Compact thermometer	iTHERM TrustSens TM372 Compact thermometer	iTHERM ModuLine TM411 Hygienic modular thermometer	iTHERM ModuLine TM412 Hygienic modular thermometer
Loop flow line pressure	Cerabar PMP43 – hygienic pressure transmitter	Absolute and gauge pressure Cerabar PMC51
Water loop conductivity	Digital conductivity sensor Memosens CLS16E	Digital 4-electrode conductivity sensor Memosens CLS82E
Inlet loop	Proline Promass P 100 Coriolis flowmeter	Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter
Water tank pressure	Cerabar PMP43 – hygienic pressure transmitter	Absolute and gauge pressure Cerabar PMC51	Absolute and gauge pressure Cerabar PMP23
Water tank level measurement	Micropilot FMR43 – radar sensor for hygienic processes	Micropilot FMR63B – 80 GHz radar sensor	Guided radar measurement Time-of-Flight Levelflex FMP53	Electronic differential pressure Deltabar FMD72
Water tank maximum level detection	Liquiphant FTL43 – hygienic point level switch for liquids	Liquiphant FTL63 – hygienic point level switch for liquids
Water tank temperature	iTHERM TrustSens TM371 Compact thermometer	iTHERM TrustSens TM372 Compact thermometer	iTHERM ModuLine TM411 Hygienic modular thermometer	iTHERM ModuLine TM412 Hygienic modular thermometer
Water tank minimum level detection	Liquiphant FTL43 – hygienic point level switch for liquids	Liquiphant FTL63 – hygienic point level switch for liquids
Return loop	Proline Prosonic Flow W 400 ultrasonic clamp-on flowmeter	Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter
Loop return flow pressure	Cerabar PMP43 – hygienic pressure transmitter	Absolute and gauge pressure Cerabar PMC51
C1-14 - Analysis	Low-range TOC analyzer CA79
B1-13 Analysis	Low-range TOC analyzer CA79

Flow measurement in: Point of use

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Picture of Coriolis flowmeter Proline Promass P 100 / 8P1B for the life sciences industry

Proline Promass P 100 Coriolis flowmeter

The specialist for life sciences with an ultra-compact transmitter

Alternatives:

Picture of Coriolis flowmeter Proline Promass K 10 for multivariable measurement in utilities

Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter

Flowmeter with minimized total cost of ownership with easy-to-use operation concept

Picture of Vortex flowmeter Proline Prowirl F 200 / 7F2C for utilities

Proline Prowirl F 200 vortex flowmeter

Versatile flowmeter with detection of wet steam conditions and best-in-class accuracy

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs
Fully self-drainable in horizontal installations
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
High reproducibility over a large flow range
Low conductivity

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Liquids
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Flow measurement in: Point of use

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Proline Promass P 100 Coriolis flowmeter

The specialist for life sciences with an ultra-compact transmitter

Alternatives:

Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter

Flowmeter with minimized total cost of ownership with easy-to-use operation concept

Proline Prowirl F 200 vortex flowmeter

Versatile flowmeter with detection of wet steam conditions and best-in-class accuracy

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs
Fully self-drainable in horizontal installations
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
High reproducibility over a large flow range
Low conductivity

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Liquids
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Flow measurement in: Point of use

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Proline Promass P 100 Coriolis flowmeter

The specialist for life sciences with an ultra-compact transmitter

Alternatives:

Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter

Flowmeter with minimized total cost of ownership with easy-to-use operation concept

Proline Prowirl F 200 vortex flowmeter

Versatile flowmeter with detection of wet steam conditions and best-in-class accuracy

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs
Fully self-drainable in horizontal installations
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
High reproducibility over a large flow range
Low conductivity

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Liquids
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Temperature measurement in: Loop temperature

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Compact sanitary RTD - iTHERM TrustSens TM371

iTHERM TrustSens TM371 Compact thermometer

Metric RTD thermometer with self-calibration technology for hygienic applications

Alternatives:

iTHERM TrustSens TM372 Hygienic compact thermometer, US Style

Sanitary digital thermometer iTHERM TM411

iTHERM ModuLine TM411 Hygienic modular thermometer

Metric RTD thermometer with or without thermowell for hygienic applications

Hygienic thermometer iTHERM TM412 - Imperial version US Style

iTHERM ModuLine TM412 Hygienic modular thermometer

Imperial RTD thermometer with or without thermowell for hygienic applications

General Requirements:

Installation in thermowell
Easy calibration
Long-term stability
Linearity over the measurement range

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Thermometer
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. sanitization temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Pressure measurement in: Loop flow line pressure

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Cerabar PMP43 – hygienic pressure transmitter

Particularly compact, highly reliable and the perfect fit for demanding hygienic applications

Alternatives:

Cerabar PMC51 - Absolute and gauge pressure

Absolute and gauge pressure Cerabar PMC51

Digital pressure transmitter with oil-free ceramic sensor for measurement in gases or liquids

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs, front flush mounting
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
Fast temperature compensation after santization

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Pressure
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. sanitization temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Analysis measurement in: Water loop conductivity

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Memosens CLS16E - Digital, contacting conductivity sensor with certified hygienic design

Digital conductivity sensor Memosens CLS16E

Memosens 2.0 contacting conductivity sensor for hygienic applications in life sciences and food

Alternatives:

Memosens CLS82E - Hygienic 4-electrode conductivity sensor for life sciences, food & beverage

Digital 4-electrode conductivity sensor Memosens CLS82E

Memosens 2.0 contacting conductivity sensor for hygienic applications in life sciences, food & bev

General Requirements:

Cleanability (CIP/SIP), no dead legs
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
USP <645> functionality
Low range, non-temperature-compensated

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Conductivity
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Flow measurement in: Inlet loop

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Proline Promass P 100 Coriolis flowmeter

The specialist for life sciences with an ultra-compact transmitter

Alternatives:

Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter

Flowmeter with minimized total cost of ownership with easy-to-use operation concept

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs
Fully self-drainable in horizontal installations
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
High reproducibility over a large flow range
Low conductivity

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Liquids
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Pressure measurement in: Water tank pressure

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Cerabar PMP43 – hygienic pressure transmitter

Particularly compact, highly reliable and the perfect fit for demanding hygienic applications

Alternatives:

Absolute and gauge pressure Cerabar PMC51

Digital pressure transmitter with oil-free ceramic sensor for measurement in gases or liquids

Absolute and gauge pressure Cerabar PMP23

Cost-effective pressure transducer with fully welded design for the food & beverage industry

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs, front flush mounting
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
Fast temperature compensation after santization

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Pressure
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. sanitization temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Level measurement in: Water tank level measurement

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Micropilot FMR43 – radar sensor for hygienic processes

High performance sensor, especially compact and the perfect fit for fast changing level applications

Alternatives:

Micropilot FMR63B – 80 GHz radar sensor

More simplicity with the specialist for hygienic applications

Guided radar measurement Time-of-Flight Levelflex FMP53

For the highest hygiene requirements in the food and life sciences industry

Deltabar FMD72 - Electronic differential pressure

Electronic differential pressure Deltabar FMD72

Electronic differential pressure system utilizing two metal sensor modules and one transmitter

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs, front flush mounting
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
No interaction with sprayball operation

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Continuous / Liquids
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Level measurement in: Water tank maximum level detection

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Liquiphant FTL43 – hygienic point level switch for liquids

Proven in the field, particularly compact and perfectly suitable for hygienic applications

Alternatives:

Liquiphant FTL63 – hygienic point level switch for liquids

Proven in the field, easy to use and perfectly suitable for hygienic applications.

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs, front flush mounting
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
Fast temperature compensation after santization
High reliability
Safety Integrity Level (optional)

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Point Level / Liquids
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Temperature measurement in: Water tank temperature

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

iTHERM TrustSens TM371 Compact thermometer

Metric RTD thermometer with self-calibration technology for hygienic applications

Alternatives:

iTHERM ModuLine TM411 Hygienic modular thermometer

Metric RTD thermometer with or without thermowell for hygienic applications

iTHERM ModuLine TM412 Hygienic modular thermometer

Imperial RTD thermometer with or without thermowell for hygienic applications

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs, front flush mounting
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
Installation in thermowell
Easy calibration
Long-term stability
Linearity over the measurement range

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Thermometer
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. sanitization temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Level measurement in: Water tank minimum level detection

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Liquiphant FTL43 – hygienic point level switch for liquids

Proven in the field, particularly compact and perfectly suitable for hygienic applications

Alternatives:

Liquiphant FTL63 – hygienic point level switch for liquids

Proven in the field, easy to use and perfectly suitable for hygienic applications.

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs, front flush mounting
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
Fast temperature compensation after santization
High reliability
Safety Integrity Level (optional)

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Point Level / Liquids
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Flow measurement in: Return loop

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Picture of ultrasonic flowmeter Proline Prosonic Flow W 400 (9W4B)

Proline Prosonic Flow W 400 ultrasonic clamp-on flowmeter

Reliable, flexible, zero maintenance – noninvasive flow measurement, consistently accurate, even in limited spaces

Alternatives:

Proline Promass K 10 Coriolis flowmeter

Flowmeter with minimized total cost of ownership with easy-to-use operation concept

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs
Fully self-drainable in horizontal installations
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
High reproducibility over a large flow range
Low conductivity

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Liquids
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Pressure measurement in: Loop return flow pressure

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Cerabar PMP43 – hygienic pressure transmitter

Particularly compact, highly reliable and the perfect fit for demanding hygienic applications

Alternatives:

Absolute and gauge pressure Cerabar PMC51

Digital pressure transmitter with oil-free ceramic sensor for measurement in gases or liquids

General Requirements:

Cleanability, no dead legs, front flush mounting
Design according to ISPE "Water and Steam Systems"
Fast temperature compensation after santization

Technical requirements:

Measuring task: Pressure
Process pressure: 0 to 16 bar (0 to 232 psi)
Max. sanitization temperature: 80°C (176°F)
Density: 0.8 to 1.25 g/cm³

Analysis measurement in: C1-14 - Analysis

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Not available

Low-range TOC analyzer CA79

Precise online TOC monitoring in the life sciences industry

General Requirements:

Technical requirements:

Analysis measurement in: B1-13 Analysis

Endress+Hauser offers a suite of analytical instruments ideal for this stage.

Not available

Low-range TOC analyzer CA79

Precise online TOC monitoring in the life sciences industry

General Requirements:

Technical requirements:

Industrial workers inspecting instrumentation and piping in a process plant control area.

Key instrumentation challenges in the water distribution process

Pharmaceutical water distribution systems for Purified Water (PW) and Water for Injection (WFI) operate under stringent GMP and ASME-BPE requirements, where instrumentation must ensure continuous control of critical process parameters while preserving hygienic design and microbiological integrity. Unlike conventional utility water systems, instrumentation is expected to deliver highly accurate measurements at ultra-low conductivity levels, support validated operation, withstand CIP/SIP cycles, and provide traceable data for regulatory compliance.

Microbial control: Preventing biofilm formation and detecting conditions that promote microbial growth.
Water quality monitoring: Reliable measurement of conductivity, TOC, and other critical quality attributes.
Flow and circulation assurance: Maintaining validated flow velocities and eliminating stagnant zones.
Hygienic sensor integration: Installing instruments without dead legs while ensuring CIP/SIP compatibility.
Data integrity and compliance: Ensuring calibration traceability, audit-ready data, and GMP compliance.

Portfolio highlights

Explore our innovations for your water purification process

Simple products
Easy to select, install and operate

Technical excellence

Simplicity

What is FLEX?

Standard products
Reliable, robust and low-maintenance

Technical excellence

Simplicity

What is FLEX?

High-end products
Highly functional and convenient

Technical excellence

Simplicity

What is FLEX?

Specialized products
Designed for demanding applications

Technical excellence

Simplicity

Variable

What is FLEX?

FLEX selections	Technical excellence	Simplicity
F L E X Fundamental selection Meet your basic measurement needs	Technical excellence	Simplicity
F L E X Lean selection Handle your core processes easily	Technical excellence	Simplicity
F L E X Extended selection Optimize your processes with innovative technologies	Technical excellence	Simplicity
F L E X Xpert selection Master your most challenging applications	Technical excellence	Simplicity Variable

Learn more about the FLEX selections

Proline Promass P 100
Coriolis flowmeter

The specialist for life sciences with an ultra-compact transmitter

iTHERM TrustSens TM371
Compact thermometer

Metric RTD thermometer with self-calibration technology for hygienic applications

Cerabar PMP43 – hygienic pressure transmitter

Particularly compact, highly reliable and the perfect fit for demanding hygienic applications

Digital conductivity sensor
Memosens CLS16E

Memosens 2.0 contacting conductivity sensor for hygienic applications in life sciences and food

Low-range TOC analyzer
CA79

Precise online TOC monitoring in the life sciences industry

Micropilot FMR43 – radar sensor for hygienic processes

High performance sensor, especially compact and the perfect fit for fast changing level applications

Liquiphant FTL43 – hygienic point level switch for liquids

Proven in the field, particularly compact and perfectly suitable for hygienic applications

FAQ

Frequent questions about the water distribution process

What are the critical process parameters in pharmaceutical water distribution loops (ring lines)?

The critical process parameters are conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), temperature, flow, and pressure. These parameters are monitored to ensure water purity, maintain microbial control, verify sanitization effectiveness, and preserve hydraulic stability throughout the loop.

Which measurements are needed to monitor pharmaceutical water distribution loops (ring lines)?

A complete monitoring strategy typically includes conductivity, TOC, temperature, flow, and pressure measurement. Together, these measurements provide continuous visibility into water quality, loop circulation conditions, contamination risks, and overall system performance.

How is maintaining turbulent flow / minimum velocity in the loop managed in pharmaceutical water distribution loops (ring lines)?

Turbulent flow is maintained by continuous recirculation and proper loop sizing to achieve a minimum flow velocity, commonly around or above 1 m/s. Flow measurement and control are used to verify that sufficient velocity is maintained to reduce the risk of biofilm formation and microbial growth.

How is eliminating dead-legs managed in pharmaceutical water distribution loops (ring lines)?

Dead-legs are minimized through hygienic system design, using dead-space-free components, short branch connections, and continuously circulating pipework. This prevents stagnant water zones where microorganisms can proliferate and helps maintain cleanability and regulatory compliance.

How is point-of-use conductivity and TOC checks managed in pharmaceutical water distribution loops (ring lines)?

Conductivity and TOC checks are performed at critical points of use using online analyzers, dedicated sampling points, or a combination of both. These measurements verify that water quality remains within pharmacopeia limits at the point of consumption and help detect contamination events before they impact production.

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Key instrumentation challenges in the water distribution process

Explore our innovations for your water purification process

Frequent questions about the water distribution process

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Key instrumentation challenges in the water distribution process

Explore our innovations for your water purification process

Frequent questions about the water distribution process

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